Leading Beneath the Surface: Insights from the Iceberg Analogy

Leading Beneath the Surface: Insights from the Iceberg Analogy

Uncover hidden drivers to lead with empathy and self-awareness, building trust and meaningful connection.

In order to lead others effectively, we must first understand people and what they need to succeed. Fortunately, we have a front-row seat to our own lives, offering us an opportunity to learn from the curriculum life presents us every day. The better we understand ourselves, the more effective we can be in leading others.

One powerful way to explore this concept is through the iceberg analogy. Imagine an iceberg floating in the ocean. The portion visible above the waterline represents behaviors, skills, results, and words—the external traits we observe in ourselves and others. However, the larger, hidden part of the iceberg, submerged beneath the surface, holds the key to understanding. This underwater portion represents the inner workings: thoughts, emotions, beliefs, values, and experiences. These unseen elements drive what we observe above the waterline.

When leading at the speed of people, we must recognize that what we see in others is only a fraction of their true selves. Beneath the surface lies their unique set of motivations, fears, and aspirations—elements that influence how they respond to challenges and interact with others. To connect with people meaningfully and lead them effectively, we need to develop the ability to navigate beneath the waterline.

Exploring the Submerged Iceberg

Understanding what’s beneath the surface requires self-awareness and empathy. Self-awareness helps us identify our own hidden drivers—the beliefs and values that influence how we think and behave. When we recognize these patterns within ourselves, we can better appreciate the complexities in others.

Empathy, on the other hand, allows us to imagine what lies beneath someone else’s surface. It involves listening deeply, observing subtle cues, and asking thoughtful questions to uncover what others may not readily express. This doesn’t mean we have to uncover every detail of someone’s inner world, but gaining insight into what shapes their actions helps us lead with compassion and clarity.

The Leadership Connection

As leaders, we often focus on visible behaviors and results. It’s natural to prioritize what we can see and measure. However, when we only address surface-level issues, we miss the opportunity to create meaningful change and lasting impact. The real work of leadership happens beneath the waterline.

For example, when a team member misses a deadline, addressing the behavior—the tip of the iceberg—might involve reminders or setting clearer expectations. While this is important, exploring the submerged portion of their iceberg could reveal valuable insights. Perhaps they’re struggling with self-doubt, overwhelmed by competing priorities, or unclear about their role. By understanding the root cause, you can provide tailored support that helps them grow and succeed.

Practical Steps for Leading Beneath the Waterline

Leading beneath the surface requires intention and practice. Here are some steps to get started:

• Start with yourself: Reflect on your own iceberg. What values, beliefs, and experiences shape your actions? Identifying your submerged elements will help you approach others with greater humility and understanding.
• Cultivate curiosity: Approach interactions with a genuine desire to learn more about others. Instead of jumping to conclusions, ask open-ended questions like, “What challenges are you facing?” or “How can I support you better?”
• Listen actively: Pay attention not just to what’s being said, but also to tone, body language, and emotions. These cues often provide a glimpse beneath the surface.
• Provide psychological safety: Create an environment where people feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings. When others trust that they won’t be judged or punished for being honest, they’re more likely to reveal what lies beneath their waterline.
• Offer support and guidance: Once you understand the hidden factors influencing someone’s actions, work with them to address challenges and build on their strengths. This might involve coaching, providing resources, or simply offering a listening ear.

Conclusion

The iceberg analogy reminds us that there is always more to people than meets the eye. By developing self-awareness and empathy, we can dive beneath the surface and connect with others in meaningful ways. This deeper understanding not only enhances our ability to lead but also strengthens relationships and fosters a culture of trust and collaboration.

In leadership, the greatest opportunities for growth and transformation often lie hidden beneath the waterline. What steps will you take to lead beneath the surface?

(Adapted from the book Leading at the Speed of People)

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Respectfully yours,

Dr Julie

Dr. Julie Donley

AUTHOR & LEADERSHIP COACH

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